The difference between asynchronous servo motor and synchronous servo motor

When it comes to motion control, everyone will remember the servo motor in the first place. In fact, the family of servo motors is also divided into multiple bloodlines. Have you thought of it?

A servo motor is an engine that controls the operation of a mechanical component in a servo system, and is an auxiliary motor indirect transmission. The term "servo" is derived from the Greek word "slave". A "servo motor" can be understood as a motor that is absolutely obeyed by a control signal: the rotor is stationary before the control signal is emitted; when the control signal is emitted, the rotor is immediately rotated. When the control signal disappears, the rotor can stop immediately. Therefore, the servo motor refers to a kind of motor that operates at any time following the command. It is named after its working nature. It is conceptually related to the "DC motor", "asynchronous motor" and "synchronous motor". The same, be careful not to mix.

The difference between asynchronous servo motor and synchronous servo motor

The servo motor can control the speed and position accuracy very accurately, and can convert the voltage signal into torque and speed to drive the control object. The servo motor rotor speed is controlled by the input signal and can react quickly. It is used as an actuator in the automatic control system, and has the characteristics of small electromechanical time constant, high linearity, and starting voltage, which can receive the received electrical signal. Converted to an angular displacement or angular velocity output on the motor shaft. The servo motor is mainly divided into DC servo motor and AC servo motor. Among them, DC servo is divided into brush DC servo and brushless DC servo. AC servo is divided into asynchronous AC servo and permanent magnet synchronous AC servo. (In fact, the brushless DC servo is also considered to be an AC servo, but the difference is that it is powered by DC, and the controller is electronically commutated to realize AC motor drive)

The difference between asynchronous servo motor and synchronous servo motor

However, since it is mainly used for control, most servo motors on the market usually refer to permanent magnet synchronous motors because their control response performance is optimal. Over time, the servo motors that people talk about daily are usually referred to as permanent magnet synchronous motors.

Permanent magnet synchronous servo motor

The rotor inside the permanent magnet synchronous servo motor is a permanent magnet, and the U/V/W three-phase electric motor controlled by the driver forms an electromagnetic field. The rotor rotates under the action of the magnetic field, and the encoder feedback signal of the motor is supplied to the driver. The driver according to the feedback The value is compared to the target value to adjust the angle at which the rotor rotates. The accuracy of the servo motor is determined by the accuracy (number of lines) of the encoder. Features are as follows:

The difference between asynchronous servo motor and synchronous servo motor

The control speed is very fast, only a few milliseconds from start-up to rated speed; in the same case, the asynchronous motor takes a few seconds.

The starting torque is large, which can drive a large inertia object to move.

The power density is large, and the asynchronous motor can make the volume smaller and the weight is lighter than the asynchronous power.

High efficiency.

Can support low speed and long time running.

There is no rotation phenomenon when the power is off, and the stop action can be quickly controlled.

However, with the continuous development of asynchronous motor control technology, the performance of the asynchronous motor controlled by the analog signal in the control response has also kept up, and it also has the advantages that the permanent magnet synchronous motor does not have, so the asynchronous servo motor is used as the servo motor industry. A new force is also emerging.

Asynchronous servo motor

The asynchronous servo motor is almost exactly the same as the asynchronous motor, but it introduces the encoder to realize the closed-loop control of the motor, so it can also be regarded as a kind of servo motor. Especially the rapid development of the current variable frequency speed control technology, the actual control performance of the asynchronous servo motor is also very good, with its support for high power, high speed characteristics, in some places where permanent magnet synchronous motors are not competent. Features are as follows:

The difference between asynchronous servo motor and synchronous servo motor

The power can be made very large, the design is mature, and the operation reliability is high.

Support high-speed (over 10000rpm) long-term operation, the maximum permanent magnet motor can only achieve 6000~8000rpm.

Cost-effective, can replace the permanent magnet motor in the case of low control accuracy requirements.

Application example - CNC machine tools

The difference between asynchronous servo motor and synchronous servo motor

Servo motor industry test solution - MPT1000

In order to meet the needs of the current servo motion control industry, Zhiyuan Electronics has launched the MPT hybrid motor test and analysis system, and pioneered the comprehensive test and analysis equipment for motors and drives. For servo systems, the MPT1000 provides complete performance analysis and control analysis of the motor, drive and the entire control system.

The difference between asynchronous servo motor and synchronous servo motor

For the servo motor control system, the MPT1000 can record the transient waveforms of the motor and the driver through the free loading engine, realize the measurement of various transient parameters such as the motor control response time in the servo system, and provide the world's only complete solution for the servo motion control system. .

The difference between asynchronous servo motor and synchronous servo motor

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