The transition to higher voltage TVS components, combined with the low profile component package of flat pins, has many implications for addressing voltage transients in automotive applications. They must combine all the necessary features to ensure that the integrated circuit can withstand the rigors of the vehicle's internal environment, while also helping automakers save space and reduce weight without causing greater heat dissipation. This article refers to the address: http:// More and more electronic circuits are being integrated into new models, and in increasingly crowded, complex electrical environments where analog and digital circuits are placed very close together, managing voltage transients becomes more critical than ever. If you want to achieve vehicle comfort, safety, and the reliability of your car's entertainment system, you need to apply innovative technologies and strategies to ensure the highest level of protection against transient events. Ensuring the reliable life of integrated circuits is key In the past 20 years, the number of semiconductors in automobiles has increased almost exponentially, and many sensitive integrated circuits (ICs) such as microcontrollers (MCUs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FAPGA) have been added. It needs to be protected to prevent possible damage from transient events. Today, an ordinary car contains more than 50 transient voltage suppressor (TVS) components, and the number of high-end luxury models will be much higher (usually up to 2 times). And TVS components are crucial in two areas: the first is cockpit electronics, such as infotainment systems and comfort systems, involving small signals; the second is dealing with large transients from frequent switching sources such as motors and solenoids. state. The primary goal of protecting against transient events is to ensure long-term, stable, reliable operating life of automotive electronics. This means we need to reduce the frequency of repairs. Not only that, it also helps manufacturers reduce the risk of a vehicle recall due to a system failure in a particular model. Automotive system failures can be exposed to a variety of different phenomena, including large voltage spikes, load switching transients, or load burst discharge conditions under certain conditions. Face huge challenges The ISO 7637-2 standard defines transient pulses specific to the automotive sector and relates to all vehicles that are powered by 12V (for passenger cars) or 24V (for commercial vehicles) electrical systems, which stipulates that the standard must be implemented. Test methods and processes. It is worth mentioning that some car manufacturers have different versions of the standards and the types of pulses used. Not only are automotive systems becoming more complex, but next-generation semiconductor technologies—ICs with smaller process nodes are more susceptible to transient effects and require more effective protection. In addition, automakers are looking for system solutions that reduce the weight of their cars, which means that the automotive industry as a whole needs smaller package sizes and thinner components. Therefore, component suppliers must produce TVS components that have a stronger protection function but a smaller form factor. Achieve reliable package performance Currently, TVS components used in automobiles generally tend to be packaged in the form of SMA, SMB. Although the number is steadily increasing, the component size is decreasing. Normally, if the protection element is to be fully functional, it must be maintained at 600W rated power regardless of size. In addition, automotive manufacturers are also demanding lower clamping voltages to reduce stress distribution variations due to transient events. Today, suppliers are turning to packages in the form of SMA-Flat and SOD-123FL. The SOD-123FL fully meets the needs of automotive manufacturers, significantly reducing the footprint of the package and consuming a smaller printed circuit board (PCB) area. However, the thermal performance is reduced (because the area of ​​dissipative transient energy is reduced) and the die size is greatly reduced (as the ASIC geometry shifts to 28nm or 22nm, the peak voltage needs to be suppressed to a lower level because of the silicon More susceptible). If you redesign your system to reduce power levels, you will increase development costs and increase time to market. In contrast, SMAT-Flat is a more attractive option, and its packaging has key advantages over SMA and SMB components, not only reducing the overall size, but also dissipating the power equivalent to SMB components. SMA components dissipate more power). Since its die size is comparable to the current TVS package format, the cost of redesign is eliminated. Thermal performance is maintained, but the maximum package footprint is also achieved. It must be noted that when the total power requirements of the design are met, more and more cases need to consider not only the voltage range but also the effect of current consumption on the total energy consumption. One way to seek to specify the peak power dissipation capability of a TVS component is through a predefined pulse. It is capable of using 10 x 1000 μs non-repetitive pulses to reduce power dissipation - this typically represents a waveform with a rise time of 10 μs and a peak current of half the value of 1000 μs (see figure). Such waveforms are often easy to find on the device's data sheet. They offer the same level of power dissipation for the SMA-Flat package components being introduced on the market. Great potential for the future In the future, growth in the field of pure electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is expected to present new challenges for voltage transient protection. This is not only reflected in the vehicles themselves, but also in the infrastructure of the EVs and HEVs. If the automotive industry eventually develops to use 48V power, more obstacles are expected to emerge. Although there is still a long way to go for the application of 48V power supply, the development of the braking energy recovery system in the HEV start-stop system and the internal combustion engine car has indeed achieved faster progress than expected. Due to the higher voltages used, the total power of the protection circuit needs to increase, and the frequency and type of transient events will change. The transition to higher voltage TVS components, combined with the low profile component package of flat pins, has many implications for addressing voltage transients in automotive applications. They must combine all the necessary features to ensure that the integrated circuit can withstand the rigors of the vehicle's internal environment, while also helping automakers save space and reduce weight without causing greater heat dissipation.
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